Rotary brush and method of making same



Sept. '22, 1931.

A."-ANG ELL ROTA R Y BRUSH AND METHOD OF MAKING SAIE s Sheets-Sheet Original Filed April 30, 1925 fhum. ENNN a n Emm MN h w: mm

Sept. 22, 1931. A; AQ- NGELL 1,824,649

ROTARY BR USH AND METHOD OF MAkING SAME Original Filed April 30, 1925 5 sheets-sheet 2' Se t. 22, 1931. A. A. ANGELL 1,824,649

ROTARY BRUS H AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME 7 Original Filed April 30, 1925 5 Sheets-sheet s Sept. 22, 1931; A. A. iANGELL ROTARY BRUSH AND METHbD OF MAKING SAME Original FiledA'pril 30, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 N mm flwhzew.

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ROTARY BRUSH AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME Original Filed April 30, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Sept. 22, 1931 UNITED STA S ARNOLD ANGELL'OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS ROTABY'BRUSE AND METHOD OF ZN IAKING SAME Original application filed April 30, 1925, Serial No. 26,870. Divided and this application filed June 17,

1929. Serial This invention relates to rotary brushes and method of making same and is a division of my co-pending application, Serial No. 26,870, filed April 30, 1925 which application has matured into United States Letters Patent No. 1,721,062, issued July 16, 1929.

The brush of the present invention preferably includes at least one anchoring strand and, according to the present method, this to strand is wound helically into coiled formas tion and the bristles are laid between the JUIIlS of the coil simultaneously with the winding of the coil. This permits forming the brush in a continuous process and has great advantage over making the coil first,

for example, and then endeavoring to introduce and secure the bristles between the. turns. Where it is attempted to cut a coil first and then to lay and secure the bristles between the turns, the resulting process is in nowise continuous and, in fact, itis not understood how the bristles could be introduced at all or how the brush could be satisfactorily completed.

' Where the bristles are secured in split rings which are, later, laid together helically, that process requires the separate steps of securing the bristles between these split rings and thereafter securing the rings with the bristles between them together in helical form. Such a process, as well as the resulting brush, are entirely different from the process and brush of the present invention.

According to the present invention, a suitablebinder is preferably applied to the base ends of the bristles, which binder, when set or hardened, will firmly and securely anchor the base ends of the bristles. This binder may be a suitable cementitious material and 40 it may be applied in fluid condition. The

anchoring strand, which is coiled simultaneously with the introduction of the bristles, will effectively anchor the bristles and hold them in place until the binder has set or hardened and will, in the finished brush, provide at least a binding reinforcement for v the anchored base ends of the bristles.

So far as the broad aspect of the present invention is concerned, the bristles may be secured together at the butt or base ends or the butt or base ends may be unsecured before introduction into the brush. Whether the base ends are unsecured or secured together in a fringe before laying them between the turns of the coil, they are not secured to the coil itself prior to the winding thereof and they are laid between the turns of the coils simultaneously with the winding of the coil The particular number of coil strands may be increased for obtaining, for example, depth of anchorage, and the material and particular construction of these strands may vary widely within the scope of the present invention.

For example, the present invention shows the use of several strand arrangements and my co-pending application, Serial No. 336,- 484, filed January 31, 1929, shows a single anchoring strand with the bristles laid bettween the turns simultaneously with the winding of the strand. All of these various forms embody the common aspect of laying the bristles between the turns simultaneously with the winding of the strand. I have carefully canvassed the art of record in the parent' case and have independently looked into the art and, so far as I am now aware, this is new and the appended claims are intended to cover same broadly. The appended claims are also intended to cover, with this formation, the cementitious bristle anchorage and the anchorage of the bristles by the coil which is wound simultaneously with the introduction of the bristles until setting or hardening of the binder.

The bristles are preferably applied full length and endwise to the surface of the base or core.

Further features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which: I

Figure 1 is a top plan View of one particular machine for carrying out the process and forming the brush of the present invention;

Figure 2 is an enlarged plan view, partially in section, showing the mannerof introducing the coil strands of the brush to the winding means andalso showing the bristle feeding means of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a fragmentary end view partially in section and showing the mounting of the sliding block upon the bed of the machine;

Figure 4 is a fragmentary plan view, similar to Figure 1, showing a machine for carrying out the process and forming the brush where the bristles are wefted or secured together in a fringe;

Figure 5 is a longitudinal section through the bristle hopper, taken on the line 5-5 of Figure 1; V

Figure 6 is a longitudinal section,,showing the manner of finishing the end of the completed brush of Figure 1 and one way of securing a' mounting spindle therein;

Figure 7 is a detail section, showing the step of temporarily holding the end turns of the brush coil in finishing the end of the brush; 0 p

Figures 8 and 9 are detail sections, showing alternative forms of helical coil or strand elements; p

Figures 10 and 11 are side and end views, respectively, of the fringe employed in the embodiment shown in Figure 4; and

Figures 12, 13 and 14 are fragmentary longitudinal sections showing additional forms of brush structures embodying the present invention.

Referring to the drawings, the bed of the machine is indicated at 5 in Figure 3. Supported upon the bed 4 for longitudinal sliding movement therealong is a block or carriage 8 having ways 9 in which the tracks .7

engage and guide the block in its sliding movement on the bed 5. The tracks 7 and cooperatin ways 9 may be, tapered, the block 8 preferably bearing on" the tapered sides of the tracks and there :being preferably a slight. clearance between the opposite horizontal surfaces of the bed 5 and block 8.

The block 8 is urgedto the left in Figure 1 by a pair of flexible elements 10 and 11, such as cables, or the like, each having one end anchored to the block 8 as at diametrically opposite points in a horizontal plane, *as shown. The cables 10 and 11 pass over pulleys or sheaves 12 and 13 and have, at their opposite ends, weights 14, which tension the cables 10 and 11 and tend to pull the block 8 to the left, as viewed in Figure 1'. A chuck 38 is provided with suitable means (not shown) for rotating the same and this chuck 38 has jaws 39 in which one end-of 7 the tube 40 is clamped. The tube 40 forms the core of the brush and in the operation of the machine, which is more fully dis closed in my co-pending application, Serial No. 26,870, filed April 30, 1925, which application has matured'into United StatesLetters Patent No. 1,721,062, issued July 16, 1929, this tube 40 is rotated "through the by the arrow A in Figure 1. The tube 40 passes through and is sup 'orted by the block 8 and is free to rotate t erein, the block 8 and parts carried thereby sliding longitudinally along the tube 40 away from the chuck 38, as the brush is wound upon thetube.

In the embodiment of Figures 1 and 7, the helical coil is composed of three strands 42, 43 and 44, for depth. These strands may be of any suitable flexible material adapted to be wound helically upon the core tube 40 by the rotation thereof and being adapted to space and bind the helical turns of bristles firmly together. Woven cotton fiber cords are preferable, although any woven, twisted,

or braided cord may be employed, or these strands may be of soft lead or of rubber, properly compounded, or of any other suitable or preferred material.

These strands may be of any desired number and in any combination. In the embodiment above referred to, three strands are shown, which are wound helically upon the tube 40,- onev strand outside or around the other. Where less depth of anchorage is suitable, the number of strands ma be reduced, or where a greater depth of anc orage is desired, the number of strands may be increased. They may be fed to the machine from reels or coils (not shown) and are preferably suitably tensioned in their passage to the tube 40.

For the purpose of tensioning these pass from the reels or other source of supply and are turned and pass through grooves 52 in the inner faces of the blocks 45. 46 and 47 these. blocks'being urged toward the portions of the strands extending through the grooves 52 by springs 53 coiled upon the studs 48, 49 and 50 between the blocks 45, 46 and 47 and suitable nut and washer means 54 and 55. The nuts. 54,-a're adjustable to adjust the tension of springs -53,'so that any desired tension may be produced in the cords, wires or strands 42, 43 and 44.

From the blocks 45, 46 and 47, the strands 42, 43 and 44 extend along the outer end of the block 8, one above the other to a point just the other side of a vertical plane longitudinally along the axis of the tube 40. At this point, the strands are turned in about a shoulder 62 and continue one above the other at 63 to a helical surface 65 in the inwardly ing at point 70. Between the points 70 and 72, the slope of the helix is preferably greater than between the points 72 and 66, whereit has a uniform spiraladvancement, approximately equal to the pitch of the winding of the brush. This increased slope of the helical surface 65 between the points and 72 forms a throat for the more easy admission of the bristles between the strands or cords, the throat beingthereby slightly larger at the point of admission of the bristles and decreasing slightly to slightly compact the bristles into position between the convolutions or turns of the helical coil.

The free ends of the strands 42, 43 and 44 are anchored at 7 5 in a collar 76, fixed as by means of'a set screw 78 upon the tube 40 adjacent the chuck 38 to rotate as a unit with the tube 40, when the same is rotated by the driving means. The coil end of the collar 76 has a spiral face 80 to receive the anchored end turn of the-coil, as shown.

At the outset, the slidable block 8 and parts associated therewith are positioned with the block 8 adjacent the brush end of the collar 76. Upon starting the machine, the tube 40 is rotated by the power of the winding means and the strands 42, 43 and 44 being anchored at T5-are drawn in and wound helically upon the tube 40.

' At the same time, and simultaneously with the formation of the turns of the helical coil, the bristles are fed between the convolutions of the coil and the gradual continuous build ing up of the brush ahead of the block 8 forces said block away from the collar 76 longitinlinally of the tube. against thetension produced by the weights 14. The weights l4 impose, through the block 8, a

cmitinual uniform axial pressure upon the brush to press the turns of the. coil and bristles firmly together. The tensioning means for the block 8 thereby exerts, through the block 8, a constant axial compacting pressure on the brush, as it is built up, and the movement of the block maintains the parts associated therewith properly positioned with respect to the brush, at all times. The formation of the helical surface 65 in the block 8 feeds the coil helically onto the core. and provides for the reception of the bristles between the turns of the coil and with the other parts and the correlation therebetween assures a nice uniformity in the layers 01 turns of bristles-fed between the turns of the con.

For the purpose of guiding the spread portions of the strands 42., 43 and 44 adjacent the tension blocks 45, 46 and 47, a plate or.

block 85 may be secured to the block 8 with its outer edge or face flush with the outer end of the block 8.

Fastened to and carried by the block 8 is a frame 90. The bristle supply hopper or trough is formed in the frame 90 between a the bottom of the bristle hopper and the frame may be provided with suitable bolting flanges for attachment to the block 8 and with suitable strengthening ribs, as desired.

The forward end of the bristle hopper opens at 95 to the means which feeds the bristles between the turns of the coil in the winding of the brush. Slidably mounted at its opposite sides on the side walls 92 and 93 is a block 98, the central portion of which is arched at 99 over the bristles 100 in, the hopper. Slidably mounted in vertical guides in the block 98 is a plate or gate 102. The plate or gate 102 is guided'in the block 98 so that it may be raised or lowered and its lower end fits closely to the side walls 92 and 93 of the hopper.

Holes are provided at 104 and 105 in the block 98, through which cords or other suitable flexible elements 106 and 107 pass. The

cords 106 and 107 have rings 108 and 109 or other suitable steps that may be conveniently grasped at their ends, which engage against the block 98 and cause it to hug to the right v(Figure 1) due to the tension in the cords 106 and 107. The cord 106 passes or is trained over pulleys 110 and 112 and may be tensioned as by means of a weight 115 at its free end. The cord 107 passes over pulleys or sheaves 116and 117 and may be tensioned by a weight 118.

Outwardly of the block 98 is a second block 120 slidably mounted upon the frame 90 and guided at 121 by the longer outer side wall of the bristle hopper. The block 120 is machined to fit closely between the side walls 92 and 93 and at the forward end of the block 120 is a projection 125 provided with a curved forward edge 126.

The side walls 92 and 93 are preferably grooved longitudinally throughout their lengths along their inner surfaces. as indi- .brush manufacturer tied up in bundles with the butt ends all one Way and with the string or other binding means wrapped close to the butt ends. To supply the bristle hopper with bristles. such a bundle may be placed upon the shelf 90 against the curved forward edge 126 of the projection 125 and with the butt ends down. The side wall of the feed hopper may be discontinued at 135 and 'the bottom 94 of the hopper may be widened out beyond the end of the side wall 93 to 'form a deck 138 over which the bundles of bristles may be slid into position ahead of the curved edge 126. The block 120 is then pushed inwardly toward the block 98 to confine the bundle of bristles between the curved edge 126 and the slide or gate 102.

The flat table 138 provides a surface upon which the butt ends of the bundle of bristles may be engaged to even up the ends of the bristles and cause the butt ends of all of the bristles to terminate in one plane and in this condition and, without lifting, they may be slid upon the surface 138 into position ahead of the extension 125.

The ring 108 is then drawn back and the cord 1.06 placed in a slot 140 in the block 120. The ring engages the end of the slotted lug 141 and thereby transfers the pull of the cord 106 from the block 98 to the block 120 compacting the bristles firmly between the projection 125 and the gate 102. It is to be noted that, in this way, the bristles between the projection 125 and the gate 102 are packed without releasing the packing of the bristles ahead of the gate 102. The bristles ahead of the gate 102 are, at all times, properly packed by either one or both of the weights 115 and 118 and, by avoiding releasing the pressure upon the bfistles, it is unnecessary to stop the machine every time it is desired to replenish the bristle hopper. The process is continous and that process 15 not, in any way, interrupted by feeding the.

bristles to the hopper.

The ring 109 is then drawn back and the cord 107 placed in a slot 142 in a lug 143' on the opposite side of theblock 120, so that the pull of the cord- 107 is also transferred from the block 9.8 to the block 120. The cord 106, vwith its associated weight, acting through the bundle of bristles between the edge 126 and the gate 102 maintains the proper pressure upon the bristles ahead of the gate 102 during this time. The cord (not shown) about the confined bundle of bristles between the projection 125 and the gate 102 may now be cut and, by lifting the slide orv gate 102, any separation between the bundle of bristles indicated at 162 and the bristles 100 is removed and a uniform packing and advancing pressure is exerted upon the entire group of bristles through the projection 125 when this projection is brought up into cooperation with the bristles 162, as described.

In Figure 1, the block 120, is shown spaced rearwardly of the bristles 162 before connection of the cords 106 and 107 therewith and before it is moved up into cooperation with The block 98 is then moved outwardly to the left (Figure 1) until the slide or gate 102 is to the rear of the bristles 162, whereupon the slide or gate 102 is lowered behind the combined groups of bristles. The ring 108 is now disengaged from the block 120,. whereupon the cord is disengaged from the block 120 and is engaged with the 'block 98, as shown in Figure 1, and the ring vefiect of the pull of at least one cord is always present on the bristles in the feed hopper. The feed hopper is thus kept supplied with bristles while the machine is in operation, allowing the winding of the brush to go on uninterruotedly from start to finish, as already pointed out. The pulleys or sheaves 110, 112, 116 and 117 may be suitably journalled upon the frame 90. The reference characters, which have been usedherein and. which will be used hereinafter, correspond with the reference characters used in applicants co-pending application, Serial No. 26,870, filed April 30, 1925 which application has matured into United States Letters Patent No. 1,7 21,062, issued July 16, 1929, and, so far as the illustrations in the present application are concerned, these illustrations are sufiicient for the purpose of the article and method claims of the present invention.

So far as the actual structural details of the machine are concerned, any details beyond those shown are more fully disclosed in the above-referred to application. That application is directed to the machine and the detailsof that machine are, obviously, not necessary in connection with the article and method claims of the present application.

The bristle feeding mechanism "is operativcly disposed at the outlet 95 of the bristle hopper and comprises two pairs of feed blades or members 175 and176 (Figures 2 and 3). Each of the blades has a serrated edge 17 8, forming four rows of teeth at the outlet of the bristle hopper. The outer pair of toothed blade members 175 are attached to and form apart of a feed foot bar 180. The inner pair of toothed blade members 176 are attached to and 'form a part of a feed foot bar 185. The blades 175 may be attached to the bar 180 by securing elements 186 and the blades 17 6 may be attached to the bar 185 by means of securing elements 188.

, A shaft 25 is rotated from a suitable source of power, as from the same source of power which rotates the tube 40: The bevel pinion 31 is free to slide along the shaft 25 and is rotatably connected therewith by a key fitted into a slot 30. Bevel pinion 31 meshes with a bevel gear 35 fixed upon a vertical shaft 190 to rotate it therewith. The shaft 190 has 193. This eccentric is connected thru a link to the feed foot bar 185 at 195.

part the same shuttle-like action to the,

The shaft 190 also has an eccentric 198 with its center at 199 and this eccentric 198 is connected through a suitable link to the feed foot bar 180 at 200.

For the purpose of causing the teeth or serrated edges of the blades 17 5 and 176 to yieldably hug the surface 205 which extends from the hopper outlet to the helical surface I provide a leaf spring 210. This spring 210 may be anchored at one end in a relatively stationary support 212 and, at its opposite free end, is turned laterallyand tapered to engage in a tapered recess 214 centrally in one edge of a block 215. The block 215 carries a pair of rollers 216 and 217, which may be rotatably mounted upon suitable spindles secured in the block 215, as by means of set screws 220. Roller 217 contacts at 222 with the feed foot bar 180 and roller 216 contacts at 223 with feed foot bar 185, which may be provided with a lateral extension for this contact. Rollers 22.5 and 226 contact with the edges of plates 227, which are a part of the feed foot bar. 180 and a larger roller 230 journalled with the roller 226 contacts with the feed foot bar 185. A guide 250 (Figure 1) bolted or otherwise secured to the frame 90 may be provided for guiding the pressure feed bars 180 and 185 in their horizontal shuttle action.

In the operation of the machine, rotation toothed feed members 175 and 176. The eccentrics 192 and 198 on shaft 190 have their centers 180 apart, so that rotation of shaft 190 causes the toothed feed members 17 5 to always be travelling in the opposite direction to toothed feed members 176.

The length of the stroke of each of these feed bars is preferably a little in excess of the pitch of the feed teeth. The forward travel of feed members 175 engages the bristics entrained ahead of each tooth, forcing them toward the outlet 95 of the bristle trough or hopper ahead and into the throat 252 (Figure 2) between the portion of the 'nnrd or cords just leaving the helical surface 65 and those portions of the cords or coil elements just entering upon the helical surface. At the same time feed teeth 175 are travelling forward, the teeth 176 are travel ling rearward, and are caused to become disengaged in their rearward travel from the entrained bristles, due to the sloping rear face of each tooth, causing them to be wedged or cammed outwardly from the compact bristles being pushed ahead by the teeth 175. As the feed teeth blades 176 are thus disengaged. the block 215 is free to. be rotated slightly in a clockwise direction about the knife edge engagement of the spring 210 therewith simu taneously deflecting the spring 210 slightly. As the rearward travel of the feed teeth blades 176 is preferably slightly in excess of the pitch of the faces of the teeth, they are free to rise up due to the action of the s'prin 210, just before they have completed their rearward travel and thus again come into position to engage the entrained bristles upon the start of the forward stroke. The cycle of operation of each set of feed teeth is the same, one following the other with 180 between them.

The entrained bristles ahead of each pair of feed teeth are thus pushed or forced ahead with each forward stroke of each set of teeth and are pressed or the throat 252.

This action thus causes a crowding ahead of the entrained bristles and a secure packing of them between the turns of the cords or coil elements, as they enter onto the helical surface 65 of the block 8 and are wound helically upon the core tube 40. Due to the increased slope of the helical surface between the points 7 O and 72, the throat 25.2 widens slightly toward its inlet for the more easy admission of the bristles between the turns of the coil.

The bristles are thus fed uniformly between the turns of the coil elements without, at any time, releasing, the compacting pressure upon the bristles and without, 1n any way, interfering with the continuity of the winding of the turns of the brush elements onto the core 40. The quantity of bristles fed in between the successive turns of the coil may be determined by the shape of the throat 252 and by the speed at which the shaft 190 is caused to rotate with respect to the speed of rotation of the tube 40. The quantity of bristles fed between the turns of the coil determines-the density of the finished brush. The relation of the, speed of the feed mechanism to the speed of rotation of the tube 40 may be readily adjusted. The tension produced in the cables 10 and 11 by means of the weights 14 causes the block 8 to exert a constant axial pressure toward the drive end of the machine, that is, toward the chuck 38 to firmly anchor the butt ends of the bristles between the turns of the coil.

, The lower part of theoutlet of the bristle hopper may be defined by a block portion 275, which may be integral with or secured upon the block 8. The block portion 275 has an edge 276 (Figure 2) extending obliquely or sloping from the outlet of the bristle hopper to the feed teeth, this edge defining the outer side of the outlet.

For the purpose of securely binding the wrappings of bristles and coil turns of the brush together, I provide for applying a blnding substance to the coil strands and to the butt ends of the bristles, as they are fed to packed continuously into.

' Cement or binding the tube 40. The binder may be a liquid cement of suitableconsistency and composition or any other suitable or preferred substance. The binder may be a suitable rubber composition and the entire brush, after winding-may be placed in an oven at vulcanizing temperature and vulcanized, or the cement may be of any of the many air drying cements, being waterproof or not, as the surface of the brush may require.

The binding substance may be carried in a tank or reservoir 310, suitably mounted upon the frame 90, as shown in Figure 2. From the tank 310, the binder may be supplied through an outlet pipe 312 and check valve 314 to a piston pump 315 or any other desired style of pump. The piston 316 of the pump 315 may be actuated synchronously with the rotation of the tube 40 and the drive of the bristle feeding mechanism by means of an eccentric 318 mounted upon and driven by the shaft 190. The cement or other binder discharged by the pump 315 passes a check valve 322 in the outlet from the pump and enters a pipe line 325. Constant .pressure may be maintained in the binder supply system by a relief valve 326 and the surplus cement pumped over that required may be allowed to by-pass valve 326 and flow through the pipe 330 back into the supply tank 310.

A suitable pressure gauge 340 may be placpd in the pipe line 325, as shown in Figure The pipe line 325 has an outlet at 342, the flow from which may be controlled by a valve 343. The block 8 has an opening 346 (Figure 2), which opening intersects the path of the strands 42,143 and 44 through, the block 8.

substance, through the pipe line 325, is allowed to run from the outlet 342, when the valve 343 (Figure 1) is open and into the opening 346 to completely surround the cords or strands 42,

43 and 44 in their passage .to the core of the.

brush: The strands are thereby thoroughly coated with cement in their passage to the core 40. The end of the pipe line 325 is connecte at 260 (Figure 1) into an opening 362 in the block 8. From the opening 362, the cement or binder supplied under the pressure in the system to slot means shown in dotted lines at 363' in Figure 1, which slot means opens out to the entrained bristles being fed to the point of winding. The cement is thus caused to penetrate into and through the baseends 0f the bristles, to thoroughly impregnate the base ends of the bristles in their passage to the throat 252. The open end of the slot 363 next to the bristles in the feed hopper or trough permits a certain penetration and saturation with cement of the butt ends of the bristles before they become engaged with the feed teeth, thus giving additional assurance that the cement will reach all bristles, It

applied from running out or leaking at the point of entrance of the cords by means of a felt or other-suitable corner plug 370, as shown in Figure 2. For wiping the tops of the strands, a felt plug 373. is provided. For the purpose of preventing excessive application of the cement to the cords and for wiping the sides of the same, I provide an arm 380 pivoted at 382, as shown in Figure 2. The inner end of this arm is tapered tc provide a head which lies between the bristles 100 and strands 42, 43 and 44 in their passage to the core 40 and to provide a point 384, which is caused to hug the strands 42, 43 and 44 to wipe any surplus cement therefrom and to prevent undue leakage of the cementout to the throat 252. The opposite end of the arm 380 extends out from the block 8 at 386 and a spring 387 connected between this extending end and a relatively stationary anchor 388 urges the pointed tip 384 yieldingly into engagement with the strands 42, 43 and 44.

Suitable means may be provided for moving the block 8 manually along the bed 5 of the machine, as more fully disclosed in my copending application above referred to. This means forms no part of the present invention and its disclosure is, therefore, omitted here.

The operation may be summarized briefly, as follows:

'With the machine at rest, the tube 40, which is to form the core of the brush, is mounted in the chuck 38 and the collar 76 is secured upon the tube adjacent the chuck.

Extending the tube 40 through the opening in the block 8, the block and entire carriage is moved longitudinally along the tube on the bed 5 to close proximity to the collar 76. The strands 42, 43 and 44, which are to make up the coil elements of the brush, are then led in from the reels or other source of supply under the tension blocks 45, 46 and 47 and through the path previously pointed out to the helical surface 65 and then to the collar 76, in which the ends of the strands are anchored at 75.

The bristle hopper and cement reservoir having been properly supplied, the machine is started. The rotation of the tube 40 draws the strands 42, 43 and 44 onto the tube, wrapping them helically thereon, and the helical surface 65 causes a crowding of the turns of the helix laterally or longitudinally of the tube towards the chuck end, sothat the successive windings of the brush will hug one another and a firm compact wrapping will be secured.

The bristles in the bristle hopper are urged by the tension means toward the feed mem bers and the feed members are driven synchronously'with the core tube and feed the bristles from the bristle hopper to the throat 252 and thence to the spiralv surface of the block and between the successive turns of the strands or cords 42, 43 and 44 simultaneously with the winding of said turns. The pump ,315 supplies'the cement or other binding substance to the strands and to the butt or base ends of the bristles in their passage to the core, as already pointed out.

The weights 14, by exerting a tension on the cables or flexible elements 10 and 11, exert a constant pressure laterally upon the turns or windings of the brush laterally thereof 'or longitudinally along the tube 40 in the direction of the chuck end thereof. This permits the wrapping of several strands, one about the other, as shown, and maintains a constant lateral pressure on the turns of the brush to hold them together firmly and securely in the process of making and to such an extent as to form a bonding and anchorage of the bristles at least until hardening or setting of the cement or other binding material.

- As the brush is built up to the desired length, the block 8 and entire carriage moves outwardly a-xially along the tube 40 away from the chuck end thereof. When the de-v sired length of brush is attained, the end may turns 400 before removing the pressure of the block 8" and the tension in the strands 42, 43 and 44, to bind the successive turns of the brush in place, until the cement has firmly set and until the final finishing collar. is-put on. The inner periphery of the'clamp 402 may be grooved spirally at 410 to properly accommodatethe curved formation of the turns 400,

as shown in Figure7. r 1

When the cement has set, and it is desired to finish the end of the brush, the split clamp 402 is removed and the permanent collar 415 (Figure 6) is placed upon the end of the tube and over the end turns 400. The collar 415 is recessed at 416 to receive the end turns 400,

the face 660 being helical to give even bearing against the strands throughout the circumference'. I a a Where amounting spindle is desired, one such as shown in Figure 6 maybe provided. The enlarged inner end 418 of this spindle may be pressed or otherwise secured in the end of the tube 40. The outer end of the e'nshown as being threaded a-t420 and a hut 421 larged plug portion I 418 3 of the spindle is is screwed upon the threaded end 4 20up'into engagementwith the collar' 415,'firmly' clampingthe collar 415 against the turns 400'1on'gi tudinally toward the opposite end of the brush. The turns 400 and the length of the tube '40and collar415 are, preferably, proportioned toprovide a clearance 425 between therreduced at; 428.

the nut and the end of the tube 40, so that the gagement with the adjacent end of the tube 40. The reduced end 427 may form the mounting spindle at this end of the brush and the end of this reduced spindle may be fur- The threading of the head 418 of the spindle also permits threading a section of'tubing, which may be of the same external diameter as the core tube 40, onto the head of the spin-- dle and up into abutting end to end engagement with the tube 40.

The length of the core over that of the fin,- ished brush maybe temporarily increasedin this manner to permit winding as man additional end turns 400 as desired and, a ter the brush is set, as manyof these turns may be removed as desired, to leave the desired number of finishing end turns for the finished brush. The opposite or chuck end of-the brush may be similarly finished by wrapping a few turns of the coil element without bristles between them and mounting a spindle in that end with a collar and nut similar to that described in connection with Figure 6. r

In the embodiment of Figure 4, the chuck 440 has jaws 441, in whichthe tube 442, forming the core of the brush, is clamped to be rotated under power in the manner previously described,-or in any other suitable manner. The collarv443 is locked upon the tube 442 by means of a set screw 444 and has a spiral face 445.' The block 446 is free to slide along the bed of the machine, as before, under the tensionrin the cables 449 and 450. The tube 442 is free to rotate in the block 446. The block 446 is provided with a spiral face 452 having such shapeas to evenly bear on the strands or turns as they are wound.

, The strands 453 may be of rubber, which may be of such consistency as to best suit the nature of the bristles being used, or theymay have as a part of their structure a canvas center or sides, or cords may be molded into it to give it any desired strength and to resist any tendency to stretch or to become elongated under pressure, or it maybe of woven pose fonwhich-the brush is to beused.v \The shit-i456 is the fringe of bristles. The bases of the bristles'470,,making up the strip 456,

may have been previouslysewed or wefted together, as shownat 472, in Figures 10 311C111. Cement or. anyother suitable binding sub stance, preferably of proper composition for vulcanizing under suitable temperatures, or-

for air drying, is fed thru a pipe 458 to maintain a desired level in a reservoir 462. The pot or reservoir 462 has an overflow 463 operating in conjunction with the inlet to maintain the desired level in the reservoir. The pocket or reservoir 462 preferably carries down sufficiently so that the lower edge of the fringe is entirely submerged in the pool of cement, as it passes through the reservoir to the core tube 442.

A shoe 475 is caused to hug the fringe of the bristles at 476 and 478 and thereby give any desired tension to the fringe by means of springs 480, the tension of which may be adjusted and thereby the tension on the fringe also adjusted by means of screws 482 threaded through lugs 483 on the block 446. The compression of the shoe 475 at 476 will cause the cement to penetrate into the bases of the bristles to thoroughly impregnate the same and will also cause the surplus cement to be wiped off.

The desired tension is given to the strand 453 by means of a block 490 held against the strand 453 by springs 491, the tension of which may be adjusted by nuts 492. The desired-tension may be given to the strand 454 by means of a pressure block 493 held against the strand 454 by springs, the tension of which may be adjusted by nuts 495.

The surface 452 on the block 446 preferably has such a slope at the entrance of the strands onto it as to form a wedge-shaped throat 496, which causes a gradual application of-the lateral pressure of the strand 453 against the bristles 470, thereby overcoming any tendency for the bristles to be crowded out at this point of entrance. This crowding out tendency is overcome in the previous embodiment in substantially the same manner. The strand 454 is preferably fed into position some distance from the point where the strand 453 and the strip 456 make contact with the tube 442 for, in this position, the strand 453 is under lateral pressure from the surface 452 and can better resist any crowding back effect, due to the tension, and resulting pressure of the strand 454. The tension in the strand 454 causes the strand 453 to be thoroughly bedded about the bunches of bristles 470 and resists any tendency of the strand 453 to be flattened out, due to the lateral pressure of the surface 452. The butt ends of the bristles 470 are then bedded into the material of the strand 453 under pressure forming a frictional bond or anchorage independent of the cement that may be used. If proper rubber cement be used with suitable rubber in the strand 453, the brush, after winding, can be subjected to the required temperature conditions to vulcanize and so' additionally anchor the bristles.

The end ofithe coil element maybe anchored in an angular slot 500 in the collar 453 and may he serrated for engagement with a serrated plate for this purpose, the slot 400 being preferably tapered slightly, as shown.

Figure 8 is a fragmentary longitudinal section through a brush made with the equipment and in the manner of the embodiment of Figure 4. The strand or coil element 502, which is wound between the bristles 503 upon the tubular core 504 of the brush with the bristles laid between the turns of the strand with the winding of the strand, as before, may be of hard rubber composition, or may have cotton fabric or cords threaded into it to prevent its excessive flatteneing out under the lateral pressure and, due to its tension, so that the strand 453 of Figure 4 may be omitted. "The strand 502 may be of soft lead, or it may be of ground cork, or other similar materials, cemented and molded into such a strand, as indicated, and may have cords or fabric embedded into its structure, as may be required to give it the necessary strength according to the purpose to which the brush is to be put.

Figure 9 is a fragmentary longitudinal section through a brush, showing a construction using a flat metallic wire strand 510 having between it and the bristles a ribbon of rubber 512, or other compressible substance, all of which can be wound, as in Figure 4. The metallic wire gives the necessary tensile strength to permit the use of a relatively soft ribbon of rubber at each side of it. Cement may, or may not, be used, depending upon the nature of the bristles 515 and the service for which the brush is intended.

In the embodiment of Figure 12, the bristles 540 are again preferably sewed into a fringe and this fringe is fed with its base edge under the strand or wire 535, making contact with it at 545. The core is indicated at 527 and the bristles are again laid helically between the turns of the coil, with the winding of said coil.

Figures 13 and 14 are longitudinal detail sections showing constructions in which two wires 600 and 601 are wound upon the core or tube at one time. A wire or strand 600 makes contact with the tube 602 about 90 in advance of the point where the wire 601 makes contact with the surface of the tube, thus forming a channel in which the wire 602 beds the butt ends of the fringe of bristles making contact with them at such a distance from their ends as to cause the bristles to loop entirely about the sides of the wire, thereby providing two lateral bonds and one radial bond or anchor.

In Figure 14, the wire 601' makes contact with the middle of the length of the bristles, bringing both the butt and the fine ends of the bristles to the surface of the brush. The sewing, in this case, may have been done midway between the length of the bristles 610, instead of at their butt ends.

In the embodiment of Figures 12, 13 and 14, the end of the brush may be finished by continuing the winding of the wires without feeding bristles and then soldering the end turns of the wire together while the wire is still un der tension and before cutting free from the source of supply. i

I do not intend, of course, to be limited to the precise .details and steps shown and described.

I claim;

1. The method of forming a brush which comprises winding a strand into a helical coil, laying bristles separated from said strand prior to the winding thereof between the turns of the coil simultaneously with the winding of the coil and anchoring the base ends of the bristles to the coil by the winding of the coil.

2. The method of forming a brush which comprises winding a strand into a helical coil in a continuous process and simultaneously with the winding of the coil introducing and securing bristles between the turns of the coil.

3. The method of'forining a brush which comprises laying the bristles in a helical path and in a continuous process and simultaneously with the bristle laying process winding a coil between the turns 0 the bristles and anchoring the bristles between the turns of the coil. e

4. The method of forming a brush which comprises winding a strand into a helical coil, introducing bristles between the turns of the coil simultaneously with the winding of the coil and simultaneously imposing compression laterally upon the turns of the coil and bristles.

5. The method of forming abrush which comprises anchoring a strand to a core, turning the core to wind the strand helically thereon, introducing the bristles between the turns of the coil simultaneously with the winding of the coil and crowding the coil laterally along the beginning of its winding upon the core.

6. The method of winding a brush which comprises drawing a strand to a core and wrapping same helically thereon, applying a binding substance to the strand in its passage to the core, feeding bristles from a source of bristle supply to position between the turns of the helix simultaneously with the winding of the helix, applying binding substance to the ends of the bristles in their passage from the source of bristle supply into position be tween the turns of the helix, crowding the turns of the helix laterally at the beginning thereof, ant. imposing lateral compression in a direction opposite to the direction of windin T. In a method of forming a brush, the combination of winding a bristle securing memthe bristle fringe ber into the form of a helix under pressure exerted thereon in the direction of the axis of the helix and during formation of the helix and feeding bristles betweenthe turns of the helix during winding of the same.

8. A step in the method of forming a brush which comprises winding a strand into a helicalcoil and introducing bristles between the turns of the coil simultaneously with the winding of the coil.

9. The method of forming a brush which comprises winding a strand into a helical coil in a continuous process, introducing bristles between the turns of the coil simultaneously with the winding of the coil and securing the bristles between the turns of the CO1 10. A step in the method of forming a brush which comprises winding a strand into a helical coil and winding a fringe of bristles between the turns of the coil simultaneously with the winding of the coil.

11. A step in the method of forming a brush which comprises winding a strand into a helical coil and introducing loose bristles between the turns of the coil simultaneously with the Winding of the coil.

12. The method of forming a brush which comprises Winding a strand into a helical coil,

winding a fringe of bristles helically between the-turns of the coil and securing the base of between the coil turns.

13. A step in the method of forming a brush which comprises winding a plurality of strands into a coiled upon another and introducing bristles between theturns of the coil simultaneously with the winding of said strands.

v 14. A step in the method of forming a brush which comprises winding a strand helicglly upon a core and laying bristles between t e the winding of the strand and with the bristles applied endwise to the surface of the core.

15. The method of forming a brush which comprises winding a strand helically upon a core, laying bristles between the turns of the strand simultaneously with the winding of the strand and with the bristles ap lied end- Wise to the surface of the core, an securing the bristles between tne turns of the strand and upon the core.

16. A step in the method of forming a turns of the strand simultaneously with helical coil with one strand brush which comprises winding a strand heli- 

